Weld B Grifols Chile
Common weld symbols and their meaningsWhen welds are specified on engineering and fabrication drawings, a cryptic set of symbols is used as a sort of shorthand for describing the type of weld, its size and other processing and finishing information. Here we will introduce you to the common symbols and their meaning. The complete set of symbols is given in a standard published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Welding Society (AWS): ANSI/AWS A2.4, Symbols for Welding and Nondestructive Testing.The structure of the welding symbolThe horizontal line — called the reference line — is the anchor to which all the other welding symbols are tied.
The instructions for making the weld are strung along the reference line. An arrow connects the reference line to the. In the example above, the arrow is shown growing out of the right end of the reference line and heading down and to the right, but many other combinations are allowed.Quite often, there are two sides to the joint to which the arrow points, and therefore two potential places for a weld. For example, when two steel plates are joined together into a T shape, welding may be done on either side of the stem of the T.The weld symbol distinguishes between the two sides of a joint by using the arrow and the spaces above and below the reference line. The side of the joint to which the arrow points is known (rather prosaically) as the arrow side, and its weld is made according to the instructions given below the reference line.
The other side of the joint is known (even more prosaically) as the other side, and its weld is made according to the instructions given above the reference line. The rule that below the line equals the arrow side and above the line equals the other side applies regardless of the arrow’s direction. The flag growing out of the junction of the reference line and the arrow is present if the weld is to be made in the field during erection of the structure. A weld symbol without a flag indicates that the weld is to be made in the shop. In older drawings, a field weld may be denoted by a filled black circle at the junction between the arrow and the reference line.The open circle at the arrow/reference line junction is present if the weld is to go all around the joint, as in the example below.The tail of the weld symbol is the place for supplementary information on the weld.
It may contain a reference to the welding process, the electrode, a detail drawing or any information that aids in the making of the weld that does not have its own special place on the symbol. Types of welds and their symbolsEach has its own basic symbol, which is typically placed near the center of the reference line (and above or below it, depending on which side of the joint it's on). The symbol is a small drawing that can usually be interpreted as a simplified cross-section of the weld. In the descriptions below, the symbol is shown in both its arrow-side and other-side positions. Plug Welds and Slot WeldsFillet weldsThe fillet weld (pronounced 'fill-it') is used to make lap joints, corner joints and T joints.
As its symbol suggests, the fillet weld is roughly triangular in cross-section, although its shape is not always a right triangle or an isosceles triangle. Weld metal is deposited in a corner formed by the fit-up of the two members and penetrates and fuses with the base metal to form the joint. (Note: for the sake of graphical clarity, the drawings below do not show the penetration of the weld metal. Recognize, however, that the degree of penetration is important in determining the quality of the weld.)The perpendicular leg of the triangle is always drawn on the left side of the symbol, regardless of the orientation of the weld itself. The leg size is written to the left of the weld symbol. To activate your FREE subscription today, simply select which newsletter(s) you would like to receive and complete the form below.Miller respects your privacy concerns.
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Weld B Grifols Chile 2017
Spain’s competition watchdog, CNMC, has started investigation proceedings against Grifols SA, which may face fines and sanctions stemming from their failure to notify authorities of their merger and acquisitions plans.The CNMC authorized the first phase of Grifols takeover of Novartis International’s blood transfusion diagnostics division, which was bought by the Spanish multinational on March 25. However, the CNMC would have received the formal notification documents only ten days prior, on March 10th.The relevant merger operations, meanwhile, would have taken place over one year prior, in early January 2014. Spain’s competition laws force businesses to notify the CNMC of any merger before it is carried out.
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Due to the timeline presented to the regulator, the CNMC has determined it necessary to investigate whether or not this rule was violated by the pharmaceuticals multinational.Full content:Want more news? For more headlines and updates on antitrust developments around the world.