1. Makalah Komunikasi Terapeutik Pada Pasien Gangguan Wicara

Abstrak Therapeutic of communication is the interpersonal relationship between nurses and patients, in this connection the nurse and the patient gain a shared learning experience in order to improve the patient's emotional experience. Ayurveda is an ancient expression of local knowledge of the way of life. The Goals of Ayurvedic treatment is to restore the energy balance of the human body as a whole between the mind, body and soul. Implementation of therapeutic communication in ayurvedic medicine therapy, meaning very large when nurses understand the science of communication, its main therapeutic communication, and understanding of alternative health therapies ayurveda treatment.

In this paper, we will focus on exploring the therapeutic of communication in the therapeutic treatment of ayurveda and ayurvedic therapeutic nurse communication patterns with multicultural patients in Ubud Bali is influenced by differences in language, customs, norms, cultures, perspectives, and so on. This paper uses the theory of intercultural communication, to address problems that occur using descriptive qualitative method with case study design. The technique used for data collection is to conduct in-depth interviews and observations that participate intensively to obtain data as naturally as possible. This paper is expected to help the public to consider the perspective of health and alternative therapies useful for the development of treatments based on natural and spiritual.

The word 'semantics' itself denotes a range of ideas, from the popular to the highly technical. It is often used in ordinary language to denote a problem of understanding that comes down to word selection. This problem of understanding has been the subject of many formal inquiries, over a long period of time, most notably in the field of. In, it is the study of interpretation of signs or symbols as used by or within particular circumstances and contexts. Within this view, sounds, facial expressions, body language, have semantic (meaningful) content, and each has several branches of study. In written language, such things as paragraph structure and punctuation have semantic content; in other forms of language, there is other semantic content.

In, semantics is the subfield that is devoted to the study of meaning, as inherent at the levels of words, phrases, sentences, and larger units of (referred to as texts). The basic area of study is the meaning of, and the study of relations between different linguistic units:, linguistic. A key concern is how meaning attaches to larger chunks of text, possibly as a result of the composition from smaller units of meaning.

Makalah Komunikasi Terapeutik Pada Pasien Gangguan Wicara

Traditionally, semantics has included the study of and denotative, argument structure, and the linkage of all of these to syntax. Montague grammar.

In the late 1960s, proposed a system for defining semantic entries in the lexicon in terms of the. In these terms, the syntactic of the sentence John ate every bagel would consist of a subject ( John) and a predicate ( ate every bagel); Montague showed that the meaning of the sentence as a whole could be decomposed into the meanings of its parts and relatively few rules of combination. The logical predicate thus obtained would be elaborated further, e.g. Using truth theory models, which ultimately relate meanings to a set of universals, which may lie outside the logic. The notion of such meaning atoms or primitives is basic to the hypothesis from the 1970s. In linguistics there was no mechanism for the learning of semantic relations, and the view considered all semantic notions as inborn. Thus, even novel concepts were proposed to have been dormant in some sense.

This view was also thought unable to address many issues such as or associative meanings, and, where meanings within a linguistic community change over time, and or subjective experience. Another issue not addressed by the nativist model was how perceptual cues are combined in thought, e.g. This view of semantics, as an innate finite meaning inherent in a that can be composed to generate meanings for larger chunks of discourse, is now being fiercely debated in the emerging domain of and also in the non- camp in. The challenge is motivated by:.

factors internal to language, such as the problem of resolving or (e.g. This x, him, last week). In these situations 'context' serves as the input, but the interpreted utterance also modifies the context, so it is also the output. Thus, the interpretation is necessarily dynamic and the meaning of sentences is viewed as instead of.

factors external to language, i.e. Language is not a set of labels stuck on things, but 'a toolbox, the importance of whose elements lie in the way they function rather than their attachments to things.'

This view reflects the position of the later and his famous game example, and is related to the positions of, and others. A concrete example of the latter phenomenon is semantic – meanings are not complete without some elements of context. To take an example of a single word, 'red', its meaning in a phrase such as red book is similar to many other usages, and can be viewed as compositional. However, the colours implied in phrases such as 'red wine' (very dark), and 'red hair' (coppery), or 'red soil', or 'red skin' are very different. Indeed, these colours by themselves would not be called 'red' by native speakers.

These instances are contrastive, so 'red wine' is so called only in comparison with the other kind of wine (which also is not 'white' for the same reasons). This view goes back to. Systems of categories are not objectively 'out there' in the world but are rooted in people's experience. These categories evolve as concepts of the world – meaning is not an objective truth, but a subjective construct, learned from experience, and language arises out of the 'grounding of our conceptual systems in shared and bodily experience'.

A corollary of this is that the conceptual categories (i.e. The lexicon) will not be identical for different cultures, or indeed, for every individual in the same culture. This leads to another debate (see the or ). Theories in semantics 1. Model theoretic semantics. Pioneered by the philosopher, another formalized theory, which aims to associate each natural language sentence with a meta-language description of the conditions under which it is true, for example: `Snow is white' is true if and only if snow is white. The challenge is to arrive at the truth conditions for any sentences from fixed meanings assigned to the individual words and fixed rules for how to combine them.

In practice, truth-conditional semantics is similar to model-theoretic semantics; conceptually, however, they differ in that truth-conditional semantics seeks to connect language with statements about the real world (in the form of meta-language statements), rather than with abstract models. Lexical & conceptual semantics. This theory is an effort to explain properties of argument structure.

The assumption behind this theory is that syntactic properties of phrases reflect the meanings of the words that head them. With this theory, linguists can better deal with the fact that subtle differences in word meaning correlate with other differences in the syntactic structure that the word appears in.

The way this is gone about is by looking at the internal structure of words. These small parts that make up the internal structure of words are referred to as semantic primitives. Lexical semantics. A linguistic theory that investigates word meaning. This theory understands that the meaning of a word is fully reflected by its context. Here, the meaning of a word is constituted by its contextual relations. Therefore, a distinction between degrees of participation as well as modes of participation are made.

In order to accomplish this distinction any part of a sentence that bears a meaning and combines with the meanings of other constituents is labeled as a semantic constituent. Semantic constituents that can not be broken down into more elementary constituents is labeled a minimal semantic constituent. Computational semantics.

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